What order does the attestation chain run in?
For a document issued abroad and used in the UAE: the issuing authority or a notary in that country, then that country's foreign ministry, then the UAE embassy or consulate there, then MOFAIC here. Four links, in that order, every time.
For a UAE-issued document going abroad the chain runs the other way: the issuing UAE authority, then MOFAIC, then the destination country's embassy or consulate in the UAE.
- Incoming: notary or issuer → foreign ministry → UAE embassy abroad → MOFAIC
- Outgoing: UAE issuer → MOFAIC → destination embassy in the UAE
- A missing middle link means refusal, not a shortcut
- Each link is a separate fee and a separate turnaround